Munchausen Syndrome Essay Example

Munchausen Syndrome Essay Example Munchausen Syndrome Essay Munchausen Syndrome Essay Munchausen Syndrome 1 Running head: Munchausen Syndrome Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy 5 References Author: Ibrahim Abdulhamid, MD, Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, Wayne State University; Director of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Clinical Director of Pediatric Sleep Laboratory, Childrens Hospital of Michigan Coauthor(s): Patricia T Siegel, PhD, Assistant Professor, Departments of Pediatrics, Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine Contributor Information and Disclosures Updated: Mar 26, 2008 Mary E. Muscari, PhD, CPNP, APRN-BC Experts And Viewpoint, Medscape Nurses, April 2008 Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy 2 Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy I decided to compose my paper on Munchausen Syndrome as a substitute since I think that its interesting and upsetting that individuals could really hurt their kids or themselves for consideration. Munchausen disorder is a condition where an individual deliberately fakes, mimics, compounds, or self-instigates a physical issue or ailment for the fundamental reason ofâ being rewarded like a clinical patient. The term Munchausen condition is regularly utilized conversely with factitious turmoil. Factitious confusion alludes to any sickness that is purposefully created for the fundamental motivation behind accepting the wiped out role,â although that reason for existing is unknownâ to the wiped out individual. Munchausen condition most suitably portrays people who have a ceaseless variation of a factitious issue with for the most part physical signs and indications, despite the fact that there are reports in regards to mental Munchausen disorder, implying that the reproduced side effects are mental. People with Munchausen disorder deliberately cause signs and side effects of a disease or injury by perpetrating clinical damage to their body, regularly to the point of being hospitalized. They may lie about or counterfeit manifestations. They are some of the time anxious to experience intrusive clinical mediations. They are likewise known to move from specialist to specialist, emergency clinic to clinic, or town to town to locate another crowd once they have depleted the workup and treatment choices accessible in a given clinical setting. People with Munchausen syndromeâ may additionally make bogus cases about their achievements, certifications. A related condition, called Munchausen as a substitute disorder, alludes to a parental figure who fakes manifestations by making injury another person, frequently a kid, and afterward needs to be with that individual in an emergency clinic or comparable clinical setting. Casualties are similarly partitioned among male and female, and kids most in danger are those matured 15 months to 72 months. More established youngsters exposed to Munchausen condition as a substitute frequently connive with their moms by affirming even the most improbable anecdotes about their clinical narratives, at times out of dread of repudiating their moms and different occasions due to their moms influence after some time. A portion of these youngsters accept that they are sick with a baffling issue that the doctors Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy 3 can't make sense of. In different cases, the kid knows that the moms clarification is implausible yet neglects to talk, dreading the moms retribution or that nobody will trust the person in question. In mellow Munchausen as a substitute, influenced people create clinical chronicles for their kids and lie about their youngsters being debilitated as opposed to effectively causing disorder. Their inspiration is the enthusiastic delight they get from clinical consideration. In exceptional Munchausen condition as a substitute, the individual retreats to measures, for example, prompting heaving, harming, expelling blood from the kid, and suffocation. The individual can prompt serious sickness in their own kid, yet stay agreeable, concerned, and merciful within the sight of medicinal services suppliers. Culprits of MSBP might be help-searchers who look for clinical consideration for their youngsters to impart their own fatigue, tension, or wretchedness. Others might be dynamic inducers who make their childs sicknesses through sensational measures. These guardians are ordinarily restless, discouraged, or distrustful. At long last, some might be specialist addicts who are fixated on getting treatment for their childrens nonexistent sicknesses. Culprits are as often as possible depicted as mindful, mindful, and gave people. Some can be unfriendly, sincerely labile, and clearly exploitative. In spite of the fact that they have no conspicuous psychopathology, culprits can be misdirecting and manipulative. Their capacity to persuade others ought not be thought little of. Their maltreatment is planned, determined, and unjustifiable and they are regularly intrigued with the clinical field. Signs and side effects that MSBP could be available incorporates example of sickness and repetitive contaminations without physiologic clarifications, seeping from anticoagulants and toxic substances: utilization of the caretaker’s own blood, heaving encouraged by ipecac organization, giving them intestinal medicines to incite the runs or salt organization, applying scathing substances to cause rashes on the their skin, Hematuria or rectal seeping from injury, CNS sadness brought about by tranquilize organization. Their disease is multisystemic, delayed, unordinary, or uncommon; they are likewise wrong or incongruent, the side effects appear to vanish when the guardian is missing, one parent is typically missing during the child’s Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy 4 hospitalization, parent is excessively joined to the youngster, they appear to have clinical information/foundation, the kid has a poor resilience of the treatment, parent urge specialists to play out various test. The reasons for Munchausen disorder are obscure. A few specialists recommend that it is a guard system against sexual and forceful motivations. Others trust it might be a type of self-discipline. Deciding a careful reason is troublesome on the grounds that people with Munchausen disorder are not transparent about their condition, making research on them almost unimaginable. With MSBP a determination can't be made rapidly, this disorder is hard to recognize and affirm. Sometimes video reconnaissance in the emergency clinic room has been prescribed to catch a guardians misconduct when physical maltreatment of the kid is suspected. In situations where indications have been overstated, concealed cameras may affirm that these manifestations don't exist. On the other hand, video observation can likewise excuse a presumed guardian when the malady does, truth be told, exist. Cameras might be utilized in exceptionally dubious conditions, however should just be utilized related to deliberately created conventions that portray the jobs of youngster defensive organizations, police, and emergency clinic security in planning the utilization of secret observation frameworks As a medicinal services orker I will be increasingly ready to recognize the signs and symptoms,â determine the need and advantages of the clinical consideration. During the appraisal I will be capable inquire as to whether the child’s ailment is steady with the mother’s depiction. Does the target symptomatic proof help the child’s revealed ailment? Has anybody seen the side effects? Do the negative discoveries console the mother? I s the treatment being given to the youngster principally as a result of the mother’s diligent requests? With this information I will ideally have the option to perceive this disorder and be a superior medical caretaker.

1990 Turing Award Essays - Multics, Compatible Time-Sharing System

1990 Turing Award Essays - Multics, Compatible Time-Sharing System 1990 Turing Award As per the Association for Computing Machinery, (ACM) the A.M. Turing Award is the most esteemed specialized honor with a prize of $250,000. The Turing Award is given to a part or individuals from the registering network that has contributed a significant specialized significance to the PC field. (ACM's Turing Award.) The Turing Award has been named the ?most elevated qualification in Computer science? furthermore, the ?Nobel Prize of figuring?. This honor adds to the ACM?s crucial ?advance registering as a science and a calling?. (Geringer) The Turing Award is named after Alan Mathison Turing, a British mathematician, who is ?credited for being the Father of hypothetical software engineering and computerized reasoning?. (Homer) The main honor was given out in 1966 and the Association for Computing Machinery has been giving them out each year since. In 1990, Fernando Jos? Corby Corbat? gotten the Turing Award for his work in ?sorting out the ideas and driving the advancement of the broadly useful, huge scope, time-sharing and asset sharing PC frameworks?. Corbat? was conceived on July 1, 1926 in Oakland, California. He got his bachelor?s certificate from the California Institute of Technology in 1950, and afterward proceeded to get his Ph.D. in material science from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1956. In the wake of getting his Ph.D., he joined MIT?s Computation Center and before long was delegated Associate Professor in 1962. In 1965, he got elevated to a Professor and afterward during 1974 to 1993 he was Associate Department Head for Computer Science and Engineering. (Conte) Corbats work with time-sharing PC frameworks began in November 1961, at the MIT Computation Center, when ?an early form of the Compatible Time-Sharing System (CTSS) was first illustrated?. (Csail) Timesharing, driven by the need to expand intuitiveness among client and PC and convenience of the PC, permits an enormous number of clients to associate with the PC at the same time. It includes associating different quantities of consoles to a solitary, focal PC. Each reassure is dispensed a period cut of the focal computer?s time, as the focal PC appoints its time by exchanging between the user?s applications and issues and ?it appears to the client that s/he has total access to the focal PC.? (1963 Timesharing: A Solution to Computer Bottlenecks)The Compatible Time-Sharing System in the IBM 7094 computerized PC timesharing working framework was utilized as the programming and investigating device. (Vleck) In 1964, Corbats new information on numerous entrance frameworks bloomed into the formation of another framework called Multics (Multiplexed Information and Computing Service). This new framework additionally upheld an online reconfiguration, which permitted focal preparing units, memory banks, and circle drives can be included or evacuated while the framework was all the while working. Multics was one of the soonest multiprocessor frameworks since it upheld numerous CPUs. Moreover, it was the primary major working framework to have a safe framework from the beginning, which lead to progressively make sure about frameworks and prefigured present day security designing strategies. Multics was the primary working framework to give a various leveled record framework, which implies that documents could have different names and connections between registries were bolstered. In 1973, Multics turned into the ?premise of a business framework? that Honeywell Information Systems, Incorporated advertised. (Conte) The PC progresses that Corbat? has added to the world have been extremely significant. CTSS was exceptionally compelling in light of the fact that it demonstrated that time-sharing was suitable on the grounds that it gave methods for performing multiple tasks and multiprogramming, which is as yet huge and essential for today?s PCs. This gave new applications and projects to be made and utilized on the grounds that PCs were not, at this point single-use machines. A semi-ongoing creation that has brought back the idea of time-sharing is, where corporate server homesteads can have a huge number of clients that all offer normal assets. (Csail) CTSS likewise had one of the first between client message usage. This pre-matured electronic mail and email is one of the most widely recognized methods of correspondence in these current occasions. (Homer) also, Multics was the principal amazing multi-processor registering machine, which set the foundation for the entirety of the multi-preparing m achines that are so mainstream today. Multics straightforwardly roused AT&T to create Unix, another performing various tasks and multi-client PC working framework. Unix?s direct relatives are as yet utilized today in working frameworks like Linux and these relatives were

Different Scenery, Same Speed COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Different Scenery, Same Speed COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog I was asked today by a colleague if things were slowing down in the office.   I took a pause and thought about it, and responded by saying, Its still busy, just a different kind of busy.   For me the entire year feels as if I am in a car traveling at the same speed, or in may case I really should say on a bike traveling at the same speed,   it is just that the scenery is constantly changing. We definitely have seasons in the admissions office and although I am not spending hour after hour reading and deliberating on files, I am working on finalizing the fall class, preparing summer communications, ushering out our graduates, setting up summer and fall travel, and preparing to update our admission application for next year.   On top of that is the normal slew of end of year reports and wrapping up the fiscal year as well.   Anyway . . . I just wanted to provide a quick update since the deposit deadline passed on May 3 and the proverbial dust is beginning to settle.   Our enrollment deposits are where I had hoped they would be and the Committee will not be making any more offers at the present time.   Each summer we do experience what is commonly called melt by admission directors.   This means applicants that have paid a deposit inform us that for some reason they will have to relinquish their seat in the fall class.   This may open up seats and I did recently send an email to those on the waitlist asking if they wished to continue to remain on the waitlist.   I will continue to send out updates to those on the waitlist as more information becomes available. One topic that has been flooding our mailbox concerns the receipt of official transcripts and test scores.   We do not really start checking fastidiously for these documents until after the deposit deadline the theory being that we do not need to be checking for documents for applicants that will not be enrolling.   Now that the deposit deadline has passed we are putting more effort into this process, however the staff member that directs this process is on leave and we are trying to organize ourselves to attack this process. If you indicated our code when taking the GRE, GMAT, or TOEFL you should not worry.   We receive these records electronically but we have yet to import the majority of them into our system.   We   are working on this process now and it is going to take us a bit of time to track the scores as official. As far as transcripts, we will be going through each individual file to double check, but if you did not send your original transcripts and have not ordered them yet, you should.   We do understand that some applicants will not have access to official transcripts until after the June 15 date we have specified for receipt in our office.   This is obviously understandable.   If you are in this situation, see to it that they are mailed as soon as possible after you complete your program. Regarding both the transcripts and test scores, to be honest, there is no magic associated with the June 15 date.   The reality is that we need to set a date and that is the date we chose to ensure that we have the maximum amount of time to match the documents to the file to ensure that information was accurately reported when the application was submitted.   If documents are slightly late it is not a problem because we will still have time to finalize everything before classes start.   We appreciate your efforts to get things in by the June 15 deadline, but at the same time we are willing to work with those that face exceptional circumstances. I thank you in advance for your patience and please do not panic or worry.   We will do our best to work as quickly as possible and we will also be forgiving if documents come to us late or are loaded in the system late.   The important thing is that you file is in order when classes start and we have a bit of time after June 15 to make sure everything is official and approved.   If you do need to send transcripts, here is the address to use: Columbia University SIPA Office of Admissions 420 West 118th Street, Room 408 New York, NY   10027

Marketing Plan for an Airline - 1254 Words

Marketing Plan for Breeze Airlines 24 April 2010 Marketing Plan for Breeze Airlines Air has become the most preferred method of transportation for many people around the world and more travelers are looking for affordable ways to travel between destinations. Consequently, the increase in customer’s demand for cheaper fares has created an excellent business opportunity for low cost airlines to emerge. Low cost carriers have been successful satisfying customer’s demand for cheaper fares and reducing labor cost. â€Å"A high quality low-price entry strategy may seem very attractive at first glance. Obviously, an airline, or any startup firm for that matter, is likely to win a market if it can indeed provide a better product for a†¦show more content†¦Young college educated professionals and college or graduate students between 21 and 45 years old represent the perfect target market for the low cost fare airline because both groups share similar psychological and behavioral traits. They are meticulous with thei r money to the extent that price is important when they are purchasing an item or paying for a service because most of them are recent college graduates entering the workforce and others are still pursuing an education with a limited income. Even if they have limited income, they still want to satisfy their lifestyle preferences. They want to obtain maximum value for their money without sacrificing personal comfort. These groups will be targeted because they are open to new experiences and they are price sensitive. Low cost Breeze Airlines SWOT Analysis will provide direction to its marketing strategy. Strengths: Breeze Airline is a promising young airline offering ticket fares at discount price to popular college destinations. It has a team of young customer service that can relate to targeted customers. Weaknesses: Their customer service might not have enough experience in the airline business so the operation might suffer internally for lack of knowledge. Opportunities: The intro duction of digital technology on their flights and the use of internet to disseminate their service and reduce cost. â€Å"Airlines areShow MoreRelatedMarketing Plan Of An Airline788 Words   |  4 Pagesopportunities and deciding how I wanted my airline to operate, I had the idea to make my airline a Low-Cost Carrier. Thus, I would operate my airline to offer the minimum with the price of the ticket without sacrificing safety. Everything additional that you want, comes at an additional cost. This is a way for me to lower my operational costs, therefore, being able to offer lower fare prices to my customers. As a student, I know how difficult it can be trying to find airline tickets that I can afford. 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The Competitors†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2.3.1. Air Arabia†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2.3.2. Etihad Airways†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 2.3.3. RAK Airways†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2.3.4. Competitive advantage of Emirates Airlines†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦... 3. Strategic Marketing Focus†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦... 3.1. Mission†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreAirline Company Marketing Plan5416 Words   |  22 Pagestime and experience necessary to effectively plan a pleasure trip on their own. âž ¢ According to Tourism Malaysia the booking of honeymoon cottages by Bangladeshi people have increased by 45% in last two years. âž ¢ Many Bangladeshi students and workers live in Malaysia. Their relatives and friends tend to visit them especially during the time period of December- January. All these mentioned situations are indicating to a very bright prospect of airline packages in Bangladesh. Considering the economicRead MoreMarketing Plan For Airline Industry2400 Words   |  10 PagesMarketing plan Industry Profile Airline industry is one of the major transportation systems in Canada because of the total area of the country. Most of the people in Canada prefer to take flights when visiting other provinces because of the distance involved to make the trip and the weather plays an important part of the decision as well. Despite the necessity for air travel, the fares of the airlines are very expensive in Canada and because of these people are opting out. One of the main factorsRead MoreMarketing Plan For American Airlines864 Words   |  4 Pages In 2015, American Airlines (AA) posted a record profit of $7.6 billion, which also included special items. A large portion of this gain came from the forth Quarter, which netted a $3.3 billion profit. AA credits a large portion of their success in 2015 to the plummeting oil prices, which was warmly welcomed across the airline industry. Fuel, which is a third of AA’s operating cost, declined 40.8% in consolidated cost. In 2014 AA reported $597 million in the 4th quarter. The full year nettedRead MoreEssay on Marketing Plan for United Airlines2767 Words   |  12 PagesMarketing Plan for United Airlines Jayne Diaz BUS 620: Managerial Marketing Professor David Kalicharan February 20, 2012 Marketing Plan for United Airlines Airline companies are becoming more and more competitive as the low budget discount airlines are becoming popular. It is key for airlines to differentiate themselves among the various airlines to choose from, and United Airlines wanted to ensure that it offered products and services for all marketing segments. â€Å"United realized

A Fools Manual to Best Writing Online Explained

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The movie Josie and the Pussycats Free Essays

Attention Getter: Has anyone here seen the movie Josie and the Pussycats from 2001? It’s okay if you haven’t, I don’t blame you. Relate to Audience: Behind all the superb acting and catchy music, however, lies a highly controversial and interesting topic. That would be subliminal messaging, and that’s what I’ll be talking to you about today. We will write a custom essay sample on The movie Josie and the Pussycats or any similar topic only for you Order Now Thesis: Subliminal messaging has been a controversial method of manipulation for years. Preview: I will talk about the different forms of subliminal messages, I’ll tell you about how influential they can be, and I will describe some of the most controversial examples throughout history. Transition: So let’s start by exploring the types of subliminal messages. Body I. MP1: Subliminal messages can be either audio or visual. According to Webster’s dictionary, the word â€Å"subliminal† is defined as â€Å"existing or functioning below the threshold of consciousness†. Basically, this means that your body can sense a subliminal message but it won’t be transferred into consciousness; it’s sensation without perception. Audio subliminal messages can be achieved by hiding the message at a volume too low to pick up. Other sounds are played above these messages to mask their identity. Another more famous form of audio subliminal messaging is known as â€Å"backmasking†. It often involves music that, when played backward, sends a different message than when played forward. This form of subliminal message was responsible for a wave of hysteria beginning in the 1970s as the media claimed that numerous songs hid satanic messages behind their lyrics. On the other hand, there are visual subliminal messages. These can take a couple different forms as well. An image (generally a word) can be quickly flashed and taken away before the subject can consciously perceive what it says. The image is often flashed repeatedly at this rapid pace through something like a commercial. Subliminal images can also be present as a part of other images. An example of this would be a word clearly spelled out in the clouds on an advertisement or details of a picture that suggest something else. Transition: Now that you know the basics of subliminal messaging, let’s explore how they’re used. II. MP2: MISSING An April 2010 New York Times article provides an interesting example. â€Å"New York State’s health commissioner†¦ Dr. Richard F. Daines, was recently driving down Interstate 15 in Utah, his home state, when he came across four billboards in a row that beamed a subliminal message at him, and not the one the advertisers intended. † The repetitive billboards contained phrases that subliminally suggested a healthier lifestyle rather than the consumption of the soda it advertised. As with any subliminal message, there is no telling how it will aff ect the subject. In the Handbook of Consumer Psychology from 2009, Haugtvedt et. al state, â€Å"Subliminal advertising is, at best, a very weak force. However, there is evidence that subliminally presented stimuli can influence behavior and cognition. † It just may not be the intended behavior. Transition: Now that we have seen how subliminal messages can be used, let’s examine a few famous cases. III. MP3: The most controversial cases of subliminal messaging surround the fields of politics and music. George Bush’s 2000 political campaign was under scrutiny for displaying the word â€Å"RATS† while talking about one of Al Gore’s plans. The ad said â€Å"bureaucrats†, but these four letters flashed on the screen independently, creating an uproar. It was written off as a mere coincidence by the creator of the ad, but was taken off of television nonetheless. Heavy metal music is often scrutinized as a source of violence in adolescents, but the 1990 case of young James Vance and Raymond Belknap suggested it influenced suicide as well. According to Philips and Cogan of the 2009 Encyclopedia of Heavy Metal Music, â€Å"subliminal messages in the song â€Å"Better by You, Better Than Me† [by Judas Priest] †¦ allegedly had influenced the victims’ actions† to commit suicide. The case was eventually dropped, but its impact was great. Signal Conclusion: As you have seen, subliminal messaging has been a controversial method of manipulation for years. Summary: I talked about the different forms of subliminal messaging. I also discussed how influential they can be. I followed up with some examples that have created controversy in recent years. Lasting thought: I hope you’ve enjoyed getting to know a little bit more about a topic that really interests me. You’re now free to go play all your music backwards and see what really happens†¦ Questions (15 POINTS) Does the preview adequately map out the main points covered in the speech and is it in the right format? 2 points) I think it does a decent job at mapping out the main points. The second point could use some work, she says it’s about how influential subliminal messages are, then in the paragraph quotes a psychology book that says they are â€Å"†¦ at best, a very weak force†¦ †, and in the transition she says it’s a bout how they are used. A little confusing. Also, for your class, it’s missing signposts. Does the summary adequately review the main points covered in the speech and is it in the right format? (2 points) Same as in the preview, not sure about point two. Other than that it looks good. Also, signposts again. Does the speaker include smooth transitions between all of the MPs? (2 points) Yes. Except point the transition into MP2, to me the paragraph is really about when subliminal messages gone wrong; to make that clear she could say, â€Å"Now that you know the basics of subliminal messaging, let’s explore how not to use them. † At least one MP is missing a clear MP sentence. Write a MP sentence for that section. (4 points) MP2: In advertising, subliminal messages are often a disaster. Overall, what is your assessment of the organization of this speech (be concrete in your answer). (5 points) Overall, the speech is well organized. Main point two is the only area of the speech that really needs work. Though the information in the paragraph is interesting, her point is unclear. I would switch sub-point one and two. Also, take out the second quote, as it can be easily paraphrased, and add in details of what the billboards actually say, that way it makes sense to the listener. Possibly something like this: II. MP2: In advertising, subliminal messages are often a disaster. In the Handbook of Consumer Psychology from 2009, Haugtvedt et. al stated, â€Å"Subliminal advertising is, at best, a very weak force. However, there is evidence that subliminally presented stimuli can influence behavior and cognition. † The problem with these messages is that it is difficult to tell how it will affect the subject. Sometimes subliminal messages effect the viewer in the opposite way that the advertiser intended it to. An April 2010 New York Times article describes an instance where several billboards for a soda company suggested that viewers should choose a healthier lifestyle, rather than consuming their soda. (fill in with actual content of the ad) (The advertiser intended the message to be†¦ however to some it was perceived as†¦ As shown in this example, subliminal messages are not the best choice when promoting a product. Transition: Now that we have seen how subliminal messages can be misused, let’s examine how they can be successfully used (at least to stir up controversy. ) III. MP3: The most famous cases of subliminal messaging surround the fields of politics and music. Extra Credit (3 POINTS) Explain the difference between a prelim outline, a full sentence outline, and a keyword outline. A prelim outline is the base of a full sentence outline, it has a thesis, transitions, main points, a few sub-points and a conclusion. Add more detail, more sub-points, an attention getter and a lasting thought and you have your full sentence outline. The full sentence outline should be written in complete sentences and include everything you plan to discuss in the speech. The keyword outline is what you take up with you when you give the speech. I should contain no full sentences, besides the thesis and quotes and statistics that need to be worded in a specific way. It should only include a few words per line that can help you stay on track if you get lost during your speech. How to cite The movie Josie and the Pussycats, Papers

The Importance of the Ghost in Hamlet Hamlet Essay Example For Students

The Importance of the Ghost in Hamlet Hamlet Essay sThe Importance of the Ghost in Hamlet Words are like leaves; and where they most abound, Much fruit of Sense beneath is rarely found. (Essay on Criticism, ll.309-310) Any investigation of Shakespeares Hamlet that wishes to harvest fruit of sense must begin with the ghost. Dover Wilson is right in terming Hamlets visitor the linchpin, but the history of critical opinion regarding its origin has been diverse and conflicting. Generally, critics have opted for a Purgatorial ghost: Bradley speaks of a soul come from Purgatory, (1) Lily Campbell believes Shakespeare has pictured a ghost from Purgatory according to all the tests possible, but adds, Shakespeare chose rather to throw out suggestions which might satisfy those members of his audience who followed any one of the three schools of thought on the subject. (2). G. Wilson Knight fuses Purgatorial origin with ambiguity: With exquisite aptness the poet has placed him, not in heaven or hell, but purgatory, adding It is neither good nor bad, True its effects are mostly evil. We will write a custom essay on The Importance of the Ghost in Hamlet Hamlet specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now (3) In another work he notes, The ghost may or may not have,., been a goblin damned: it certainly was no spirit of health, (4) Wilson terms his linchpin as Catholic: the Ghost is Catholic: he comes from Purgatory.(5) A flurry of critical opinion began, however, in 1951 when Roy Battenhouse argued, The ghost, then, does not come from a Catholic Purgatory, but from an afterward exactly suited to fascinate the imagination and understanding of the humanist intellectual of the Renaissance. By that he meant, .. .the purgatory of the Ancients, or their hell since all are Hell from a Christian point of view: an inhabitant of any one of them is a damned spirit(6) The battle was joined. I. J. Sempers rebuttal warned that the tradition of critical commentary supported a Purgatorial spirit as best articulated by Wilsons beliefs.(7) Robert West argued in King Hamlets Ambiguous Ghost, published four years later, that the ghost . ..leaves us where all living men must stand in relation to that country: weighted with its awe and terror and its uncertainties buffeted by conflicting theories.. .(8) Harry Levine likewise endorsed the play as written in a grammar of doubt. (9) Sister Mariam Josephs article confirmed a Purgatorial ghost: the abode of the ghost and his character fit descriptions of a purgatorial ghost in both doctrine and popular legend. (10) More recent scholarship of course has not been silent. Eleanor Prossers Hamlet and Revenge (1971) articulates a view of the ghost very much consistent with my own, noting .. .the command of the ghost to murder is as malign as we sense it to be, and Hamlet is responsible for his descent into savagery. (11). She of course argues for a non-purgatorial ghost. In contrast, Stephen Greenblatts Hamlet and Purgatory (2001), citing Medieval and Renaissance texts plus plays that feature ghosts including: A Midsummer Nights Dream, Richard III, and Julius Caesar, concludes the ghost is not from hell. Its injunction to be remembered, for example, is predicated on the growing Protestant assault on Purgatory. (12). Eisslers Discourse on Hamlet and Hamlet asserts the rather paradoxical thesis that the ghost is purgatorial, but . ..neither expresses the slightest sign of pity, love, or affection for his sown nor mentions the sons claim to the throne, but rather imposes on him a demand that is couched exclusively in terms of the fathers own self-interest. (13). Certainly that view implies private revenge, making the ghost non-Purgatorial. Harold Blooms Shakespeare: The Invention of the Human argues that whatever sociologists, theologians, psychologists or psychiatrists mean by personality comes from Shakespeare: to wit he invented the very concept. Bloom sees Hamlets prodigious intellect as transcendent; he is his own ironist, rendering the plays Protestant or Catholic perspective therefore moot. He does stipulate, however, that Shakespeares father died a Catholic, (14) a point made by Greenblatt to sustain his purgatorial thesis. .u8d87253906eadb1a35595b2a9dfc9dec , .u8d87253906eadb1a35595b2a9dfc9dec .postImageUrl , .u8d87253906eadb1a35595b2a9dfc9dec .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8d87253906eadb1a35595b2a9dfc9dec , .u8d87253906eadb1a35595b2a9dfc9dec:hover , .u8d87253906eadb1a35595b2a9dfc9dec:visited , .u8d87253906eadb1a35595b2a9dfc9dec:active { border:0!important; } .u8d87253906eadb1a35595b2a9dfc9dec .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8d87253906eadb1a35595b2a9dfc9dec { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8d87253906eadb1a35595b2a9dfc9dec:active , .u8d87253906eadb1a35595b2a9dfc9dec:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8d87253906eadb1a35595b2a9dfc9dec .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8d87253906eadb1a35595b2a9dfc9dec .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8d87253906eadb1a35595b2a9dfc9dec .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8d87253906eadb1a35595b2a9dfc9dec .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8d87253906eadb1a35595b2a9dfc9dec:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8d87253906eadb1a35595b2a9dfc9dec .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8d87253906eadb1a35595b2a9dfc9dec .u8d87253906eadb1a35595b2a9dfc9dec-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8d87253906eadb1a35595b2a9dfc9dec:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Edmunds Corrugated Parts Essay And so it goes. I agree with Levin that irony pervades the play, but that the grammar of doubt can and must be resolved in favor of a malignant ghost not from a pagan hell, but from the Christian one sent by God to test Hamlets faith and courage by trying to damn his soul. This reading helps to define Hamlets irony by viewing it as an outgrowth and continuation of Medieval moral plays such as Everyman. Further a malevolent spirit explains some of the plays most baffling and enigmatic questions the answers to which refute previously held axioms: affirm several metaphysical primaries without which meaning is impaired. Refuted are the contentions that Hamlet ia a tragedy of excessive reflection as Coleridge thought. Hamlet is certainly one of Shakespeares most dynamic protagonists, and any procrastination may be explained when the ghosts nature is understood. Likewise and as a corollary, Hamlet is not melancholic as seen when his behavior is studied according to Burtons understanding of the humor. Hamlet affirms that Shakespeare well understood the dramatic contexts of Medieval antecedents to Renaissance tragedy, and it does not demean the play to view it as a sophisticated morality play exploring the mystery of a Divine Providence that allows evil to flourish in the macrocosm and microcosm for a greater good. Such an interpretation must be based on a malevolent ghost and the irony involved in its operation in the macrocosm and microcosm. Structurally, Shakespeares familiarity with Renaissance Daemonological traditions and beliefs and cosmological systems permitted him to construct a metaphysical subplot based on an analogy: Claudius: Laertes : : Ghost : Hamlet. Although not a perfect correlation since Claudius has some redeeming qualities, the correspondence is sufficiently valid to warrant the assumption that the former is a microcosmic dramatization of a malignant macrocosm. By validating the presence of a malignant ghost, two important problems are solved: the question of Hamlets madness and his relationship to Ophelia and Gertrude. If Hamlet be mad, the condition is aggravated and perhaps initiated by the ghost as Burtons analysis proves. Further, the madness explains his love hate relationship to Gertrude and Ophelia, The ghost participates by commanding Hamlet to revenge while leaving his mother to heaven because it knows that is the one mission he cannot ignore. The dialectical tension thus created makes madness almost inevitable. To be kept in mind of course is that Hamlet remains art rather than a supernatural tract. Shakespeare was not a theologian Consequently this study initially considers structure and language patterns as they are Shakespeares means of dramatizing malignancy. Extensive citations from primary sources are provided insofar as they are not generally available or have been too infrequently applied to the play, The text used is the Arden Edition, edited by Harold Jerkins, together with the Variorum, edited by Howard Furness. Quotations from other Shakespeare play are taken from: Shakespeare: The Complete Works edited by G.B. Harrison, (New York: Harcourt, Brace, and World, 1952). Citations from Plato are from: Desmond Lees translation of The Republic (New York: Penguin Classics, 1987). Linguistic problems are resolved by the O.E. D., Onions A Shakespeare Glossary, Schmidts Shakespeare Lexicon, and Quotation Dictionary, and Partridges, Shakespeares Bawdy, plus my own interpolations, The conclusions affirmed are my own, and I accept responsibility for any deficiencies discovered by critics more astute and discriminating Works Cited (1) A. C. Bradley. Shakespearean Tragedy. Greenwich, Conn.: Fawcett Publications, n.d. , pp. 146-147. (Bradleys lectures were published in 1904). (2) Lily Campbell. Shakespeares Tragic Heroes, Slaves of Passion. New York: Barnes and Noble, 1952, pp. 126 and 257. Her three thoughts are: the devil, natural explanations, and alterations of the mind. (3) G. Wilson Knight. The Imperial Theme. London: University Paperbacks, 1965. p, 104. (4) G. Wilson Knight. The Wheel of Fire. .u2013407d5d3d4d5b40e8c5f14dbb83fd , .u2013407d5d3d4d5b40e8c5f14dbb83fd .postImageUrl , .u2013407d5d3d4d5b40e8c5f14dbb83fd .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2013407d5d3d4d5b40e8c5f14dbb83fd , .u2013407d5d3d4d5b40e8c5f14dbb83fd:hover , .u2013407d5d3d4d5b40e8c5f14dbb83fd:visited , .u2013407d5d3d4d5b40e8c5f14dbb83fd:active { border:0!important; } .u2013407d5d3d4d5b40e8c5f14dbb83fd .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2013407d5d3d4d5b40e8c5f14dbb83fd { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2013407d5d3d4d5b40e8c5f14dbb83fd:active , .u2013407d5d3d4d5b40e8c5f14dbb83fd:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2013407d5d3d4d5b40e8c5f14dbb83fd .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2013407d5d3d4d5b40e8c5f14dbb83fd .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2013407d5d3d4d5b40e8c5f14dbb83fd .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2013407d5d3d4d5b40e8c5f14dbb83fd .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2013407d5d3d4d5b40e8c5f14dbb83fd:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2013407d5d3d4d5b40e8c5f14dbb83fd .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2013407d5d3d4d5b40e8c5f14dbb83fd .u2013407d5d3d4d5b40e8c5f14dbb83fd-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2013407d5d3d4d5b40e8c5f14dbb83fd:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Treatment of Women in Trifles Essay New York: Meridian Books, 1963, p. 42. (5) J. Dover Wilson. What Happens in Hamlet. Cambridge. University of Cambridge, 1951. p. 70. (6) Roy Battenhouse The Ghost in Hamlet: A Catholic Linchpin? SP 48 (1951), p. 192. (The second quotation appears on page 190. ) (7) I.J. Semper. The Ghost in King Hamlet: Pagan or Christian? The Month. 9 (1953), pp. 233-234. (8) Robert West. King Hamlets Ambiguous Ghost: PMLA. 70 (1955), p. 1116. (9) Harry Levin. The Queftion of Hamlet. New York: Oxford Books, 1970), p. 43. (10) Sister Mariam Joseph. Discerning the Ghost in Hamlet. PMLA 76 (1961), p. 502 (11) Eleanor Prosser. Hamlet and Revenge. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1091, p. 252. (12) Stephen Greenblatt. Hamlet in Purgatory. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2001. (13) K.R. Eissler. Discourse on Hamlet and Hamlet: A Psychoanalytic Inquiry. New York: International Universities, Press, 1971, p. 68. (14) Harold Boom. Shakespeare: The Invention of the Human. New York: Riverhead Books, 1998. Hamlet and Falstaff is treated throughout the book as touchstones for all other characters. Chapter 23 discusses Hamlet specifically.

Sten Gun in World War II

Sten Gun in World War II The Sten submachine gun was a weapon developed for use by British and Commonwealth forces during World War II. It takes its name from the last names of its designers, Major Reginald V. Shepherd and Harold J. Turpin, and Enfield. Intended to be simple to build, the Sten was employed across all theaters of the conflict and was retained by many militaries for several decades after the war. The Sten also saw extensive use by resistance groups in Europe during the conflict and its easy to construct design permitted some to produce their own variations. Development During the early days of World War II, the British Army purchased large numbers of Thompson submachine guns from the United States under Lend-Lease. As American factories were operating at peacetime levels, they were unable to meet the British demand for the weapon. Following their defeat on the Continent and the Dunkirk Evacuation, the British Army found itself short on weapons with which to defend Britain. As sufficient numbers of Thompsons were unavailable, efforts moved forward to design a new submachine gun that could be built simply and cheaply. This new project was led by Major Reginald V. Shepherd, OBE of The Royal Arsenal, Woolwich, and Harold John Turpin of the Design Department of the Royal Small Arms Factory, Enfield. Drawing inspiration from the Royal Navys Lanchester submachine gun and the German MP40, the two men created the STEN. The weapons name was formed by using Shepherd and Turpins initials and combining them with EN for Enfield. The action for their new submachine gun was a blowback open bolt in which the movement of the bolt loaded and fired the round as well as re-cocked the weapon. Design Problems Due to the need to quickly manufacture the Sten, construction consisted of a variety of simple stamped parts and minimal welding. Some variants of the Sten could be produced in as few as five hours and contained only 47 parts. An austere weapon, the Sten consisted of a metal barrel with a metal loop or tube for a stock. Ammunition was contained in a 32-round magazine which extended horizontally from the gun. In an effort facilitate use of captured 9 mm German ammunition, the Stens magazine was a direct copy of one used by the MP40. This proved problematic as the German design utilized a double column, single feed system that led to frequent jamming. Further contributing to this issue was the long slot along the side of the Sten for the cocking knob which also allowed debris to enter the firing mechanism. Due to the speed of the weapons design and construction it contained only basic safety features. The lack of these led to the Sten having a high rate of accidental discharge when hit or dropped. Efforts were made in later variants to correct this problem and install additional safeties. Sten Gun Cartridge: 9 x 19mm ParabellumCapacity: 32-round detachable box magazineMuzzle Velocity: 1,198 ft./sec.Weight: approx. 7.1 lbs.Length: 29.9 in.Barrel Length: 7.7 in.Rate of Fire: 500-600 rounds per minuteSights: Fixed peep rear, post frontAction: Blowback-operated, open bolt Variants The Sten Mk I entered service in 1941 and possessed a flash hider, refined finish, and wooden foregrip and stock. Approximately 100,000 were produced before factories switched to the simpler Mk II. This type saw the elimination of the flash hider and hand grip, while possessing a removable barrel and shorter barrel sleeve. A rough weapon, over 2 million Sten Mk IIs were built making it the most numerous type. As the threat of invasion eased and production pressure relaxed, the Sten was upgraded and built to a higher quality. While the Mk III saw mechanical upgrades, the Mk V proved to be the definitive wartime model. Woman worker poses with finished Sten submachinegun, 1942. Library and Archives Canada Essentially a Mk II built to a higher quality, the Mk V included a wooden pistol grip, foregrip (some models), and stock as well as a bayonet mount. The weapons sights were also upgraded and its overall manufacture proved more reliable. A variant with an integral suppressor, dubbed the Mk VIS, was also built at the request of the Special Operation Executive. On par with the German MP40 and U.S. M3, the Sten suffered the same problem as its peers in that its use of 9 mm pistol ammunition severely restricted accuracy and limited its effective range to approximately 100 yards. An Effective Weapon Despite its issues, the Sten proved an effective weapon in the field as it dramatically increased the short-range firepower of any infantry unit. Its simplistic design also allowed it to fire without lubrication which reduced maintenance as well as made it ideal for campaigns in desert regions where oil could attract sand. Used extensively by British Commonwealth forces in Northern Africa and Northwest Europe, the Sten became one of the iconic British infantry weapons of the conflict. Both loved and hated by troops in the field, it earned the nicknames Stench Gun and Plumbers Nightmare. American officer and French partisan with a Sten crouch behind an auto during a street fight in a French city, 1944. National Archives and Records Administration The Stens basic construction and ease of repair made it ideal for use with Resistance forces in Europe. Thousands of Stens were dropped to Resistance units across occupied Europe. In some nations, such as Norway, Denmark, and Poland, domestic production of Stens began in clandestine workshops. In the final days of World War II, Germany adapted a modified version of the Sten, the MP 3008, for use with its Volkssturm militias. Following the war, the Sten was retained by the British Army until the 1960s when it was fully replaced by the Sterling SMG. Other Users Produced in large numbers, the Sten saw use around the world after World War II. The type was fielded by both sides of the 1948 Arab-Israeli War. Due to its simple construction, it was one of the few weapons that could be produced domestically by Israel at that time. The Sten was also fielded by both the Nationalists and Communists during the Chinese Civil War. One of the last large-scale combat uses of the Sten occurred during the 1971 Indo-Pakistani War. On a more notorious note, a Sten was used in the assassination of Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi in 1984.

If-Then and If-Then-Else Conditional Statements in Java

If-Then and If-Then-Else Conditional Statements in Java The if-then and if-then-elseconditional statements let a Java program make simple decisions about what to do next. They work in the same logical way as we do when making decisions in real life. For example, when making a plan with a friend, you could say If Mike gets home before 5:00 PM, then well go out for an early dinner. When 5:00 PM arrives, the condition (i.e., Mike is home), which determines whether everyone goes out for an early dinner, will either be true or false. It works exactly the same in Java. The if-then Statement   Lets say part of a program were writing needs to calculate if the purchaser of a ticket is eligible for a childs discount. Anyone under the age of 16 gets a 10% discount on the ticket price. We can let our program make this decision by using an if-then statement: if (age 16) isChild true; In our program, an integer variable called age holds the age of the ticket purchaser. The condition (i.e., is the ticket purchaser under 16) is placed inside the brackets. If this condition is true, then the statement beneath the if statement is executed in this case a boolean variable isChild is set to true. The syntax follows the same pattern every time. The if keyword followed by a condition in brackets, with the statement to execute underneath: if (condition is true) execute this statement The key thing to remember is the condition must equate to a boolean value (i.e., true or false). Often, a Java program needs to execute more than one statement if a condition is true. This is achieved by using a block  (i.e., enclosing the statements in curly brackets): if (age 16)​{ isChild true; discount 10;} This form of the if-then statement is the most commonly used, and its  recommended to use curly brackets even when there is only one statement to execute. It improves the readability of the code and leads to fewer programming mistakes. Without the curly brackets, its easy to overlook the effect of the decision being made or to come back later and add another statement to execute but forget to also add the curly brackets. The if-then-else Statement The if-then statement can be extended to have statements that are executed when the condition is false. The if-then-else statement executes the first set of statements if the condition is true, otherwise, the second set of statements are executed: if (condition) { execute statement(s) if condition is true}else{ execute statement(s) if condition is false} In the ticket program,  lets say we need to make sure the discount is equal to 0 if the ticket purchaser is not a child: if (age 16){ isChild true; discount 10;}else{ discount 0;} The if-then-else statement also allows the nesting of if-then statements. This allows decisions to follow a path of conditions. For example, the ticket program might have several discounts. We might first test to see if the ticket purchaser is a child, then if theyre a pensioner, then if theyre a student and so on: if (age 16){ isChild true; discount 10;}else if (age 65){ isPensioner true; discount 15;}else if (isStudent true){ discount 5;} As you can see, the if-then-else statement pattern just repeats itself. If at any time the condition is true  , then the relevant statements are executed and any conditions beneath are not tested to see whether they are true or false. For example, if the age of the ticket purchaser is 67, then the highlighted statements are executed and the (isStudent true) condition is never tested and the program just continues on. There is something worth noting about the (isStudent true) condition. The condition is written to make it clear that were testing whether isStudent has a value of true, but because it is a boolean variable, we can actually write: else if (isStudent){ discount 5;} If this is confusing, the way to think about it is like this we know a condition is tested to be true or false. For integer variables like age, we have to write an expression that can be evaluated to true or false (e.g., age 12, age 35, etc..). However, boolean variables already evaluate to be true or false. We dont need to write an expression to prove it because if (isStudent) is already saying if isStudent is true... If you want to test that a boolean variable is false, just use the unary operator!. It inverts a boolean value, therefore if (!isStudent) is essentially saying if isStudent is false.

The Immigration Reform Bill of 2013 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Immigration Reform Bill of 2013 - Coursework Example The entire process of deportation is another factor that sends back another major chunk of young people who have grown up and studied in American colleges, thereby sending away a huge chunk of the talent within these colleges. While authorities stay strict, the government is bearing the brunt of the corporate and banking sectors who are forced to undertake industrialization due to the outflow of such talent from their companies. The Immigration Reform Bill sought to address issues from both the government and people’s point of views. And whether it succeeds or not depends upon the election of the minister who is most vehement and active in getting the House to agree to this Bill. The play designed in this article uses five theatrical techniques to highlight the range of events that occur in this politician’s life, till the final verdict of the election, in which he gets to know if he is elected or not. The first act (Act I) has three scenes. The first scene is a congregational meeting held at a Church service, to commemorate the death of the younger brother of this politician. Key characters in the play, like the rival politicians and business magnets who influence them, are introduced in this meeting. The political leader although in silence is aware of the brewing political tension in the minds of these guests attending the congregation. The scene uses thought tracking (Mackey & Cooper, 2000, 50) done by another key character of the play Adam Xavier, who is himself a 40-year-old high profile journalist familiar with the power players of this game. His observations and dialogues familiarize the audience with the real tension that is present in the thoughts of the characters of the play.  

Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Essay

Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine - Essay Example Even in those cases where patients have been able to afford such transplants, other problems such as organ rejection and incompatibility have deprived them of their precious lives. The gravity of this situation has led to unrelenting research on stem cells, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine, which are promising and hopeful alternatives to organ transplants. By 2009, in the United States, about 50 million people had survived because of some or the other form of â€Å"artificial organ therapy† (Khademhosseini, Vacanti and Langer, 2009). This gives a clear indication that artificial organs are the hope of the future. This research proposal aims at providing a brief yet objective overview of how an organ can be fabricated by starting with single cells and proceeding to tissue replacement. The proposal is intended to explain how vital organs can be fabricated through bioengineering. The solutions for problems that are usually encountered during fabrication of living org ans are also dealt with. Important challenges include optimization of the decellularization process for the preservation of vascular architecture and for limiting immunogenicity. Overall, this proposal gives a precis on solving cardiovascular diseases by stem cells, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Approach to organ fabrication 1. Procurement of stem cells The first step would be to procure embryonic stem cells that would act as progenitors for the cardiac cells. With the help of embryonic stem cells, it is possible to generate both mature cardiocytes as well as the vasculature (Ott et al, 2007). The most appropriate conditions for the growth of these stem cells will be identified and these will be allowed to grow, mature and differentiate before being seeded on a protein matrix for tissue formation. 2. Identification of suitable decellularization procedure for obtaining protein matrix The protein matrix for the generation of tissue and vasculature will be obtained from dead hearts procured from appropriate facilities. Using suitable detergents and chemical treatments, the organs will be decellularized to reveal the protein matrix. Various techniques will be tested before arriving at the most appropriate decellularization agent. 3. Seeding of the protein matrix with progenitor cells The protein matrix will then be seeded with the cardiocytes so that they can naturally develop into tissues and vasculature of a natural heart. Because of the provision of a natural protein matrix and scaffold material derived from a real heart, it will be easier for the cardiocytes to grow three-dimensionally through a natural mechanism. 4. Testing the functionality of the artificially produced organ The functionality of the manufactured heart will be tested and monitored for normalcy of pulse rate and other vital parameters. 5. Animal studies The artificially produced hearts will be transplanted into adult mice and will be tested for development of immunogenicity and health parameters. Possible Problems during Fabrication A major problem during fabrication of an artificial organic heart would be to achieve appropriate tissue vascularization having the vascular structure of a natural

Research Design

Research Design This chapter described the methodology that has been used to conduct this research. It included the research approaches, research design, population and sampling, data collection techniques, research instrument, data analysis, validity and reliability test, pilot study, and the ethics related to this research. Research Approaches There are three types of approaches to conduct research; which are * Qualitative * Quantitative * Mixed In this research quantitative approach has been used because the researcher had determined the relationship between variables. Quantitative research approach is used when it is important to establish out the relationship between one thing (an independent variable) and another (a dependent or outcome variable) in a population. Hopkins (2000) had defined quantitative research that precisely measure variables and that aim to determine the relationship between dependent and independent variables to determine an association. Quantitative research design is an outstanding way of finalizing results and proving or disproving a hypothesis. The structure has not changed for centuries, so is standard across many scientific fields and disciplines. Research Design There are three types of research design: * Descriptive * Correlational * Causal-comparative * Experimental correlational research design is used to relate two or more variables and correlation results show whether the relationship exists among variables or not. After analyzing the correlations results the regression describe the variability in dependent variable due to the explanatory variables. The over all reasoning for using correlation was to analyze the relationship and regression to analyze how well the prediction can be made. In this research multiple regression analysis has been used. The reason for using correlational design in this research was to analyze the relationship between products new features and brand choice and Correlation coefficients was used to provide the degree and direction of relationship between the product new features and brand choice. In this research regression analysis described that how much variability in brand choice was caused by new features. Population and sampling Statisticians define a population as the entire collection of items that is the focus of concern. Sampling is indispensable technique of behavioral research; the research work cannot be undertaken without use of sampling. (David S.Fox) suggested that â€Å"In the social sciences, it is not possible to collect data from fractional part of the respondents to our study but only from some fractional part of the respondents. The process of selecting the fractional part is called sampling†. In this research Karachi has been taken as the population and Business University students selected as sample. The sample size was 150. There are two types of sampling â€Å"Random† and â€Å"Non-Random Sampling† in this research â€Å"Simple Random Sampling† has been used. Simple random sampling is defined by Castillo, Joan Joseph (2009) â€Å"In this technique, each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected as subject. The entire process of sampling is done in a single step with each subject selected independently of the other members of the population.† In this research simple random sampling was used because it represents whole population and covered different demographics which were needed. Moreover, it is unbiased selection and important to draw conclusion from the results of study. Data collection For conducting any research it is very important to collect relevant data that suits the methodology and research design. Mark Saunders et. Al (2006) explained that in primary data collection different methods are used such as survey, observation, focus group. There are two types of data collection techniques â€Å"Primary and Secondary Data Collection†. In this research primary data has been used. Data that never gathered before is called primary data. The reason for selecting primary data source was that through primary data the needed information could be gathered that suited the purpose of research as it is not published. Research instrument Research instrument is a testing device for measuring a given phenomenon. In this research, questionnaires were used to gather information which are the most widely used survey data collection techniques. Through questionnaire each person (respondent) is asked to respond to the same set of questions, it provides efficient way of collecting responses from a large sample prior to quantitative analysis. This research involved survey with structured questionnaire to gather complete details. Although people generally use the term survey and questionnaire interchangeably, the term survey is used as a general category with questionnaire and interviews as specific methodologies to conduct survey research (Gay, 1992). The reason for using structured questionnaire was the questions asked were precisely decided in advance. Close-ended questions are particularly useful where the study topic concerns to factual issues with a limited range of responses.The overall reason for using structured questionnaire and close ended questions was that it supported the research technique that have been used in this research for the testing. Validity and Reliability Reliability is used to measure the consistency of the data which is used to analyze the instrument whether it provides the same results if it is used in the same way and same conditions with the same objects repeatedly. One thing that is very important to remember that reliability is not measured, it is estimated. Shuttleworth, Martyn (2008) suggested that before analyzing any data, however, and even before testing any subjects, the issues of variable selection and control, reliability, and validity must be addressed. The simplest definition of validity is that degree to which a test measures what it is supposed to measure Gay (1992). Validity is the accuracy of the results and the strength of the conclusions. Cook and Campbell (1979) define it as the â€Å"best available approximation to the truth or falsity of a given inference, proposition or conclusion†. Each type of validity would highlight a different aspect of the relationship between treatment and observed outcome. There are four types of validity Conclusion, Internal, Construct and External validity. In this research internal validity was used as it analyzed the relationship between the program and the outcome and causal relationship. Validity is more important than reliability because if an instrument does not accurately measure there is no reason to use it even if it measures consistently. The objective of analyzing the reliability and the validity of the data is to check how much accurate relationship between the measure and underlying trait it is trying to measure. Pilot study Pilot study is the small scale rehearsal of the larger research design. This technique refers to a smaller scale version of the experiment and equipment tests are the important part of sub-group of experiments. Pilot studies can be based on quantitative and/or qualitative methods and large-scale studies might employ a number of pilot studies before the main survey is conducted. Thus researchers may start with qualitative data collection and analysis on a relatively unexplored topic, using the results to design a subsequent quantitative phase of the study (Tashakkori Teddlie 1998: 47). In this study the reasons for using pilot testing was to develop and test adequacy of research instruments. It was also used for assessing the feasibility of full scale study, designing research protocol, analyzing the sample frame and research technique and collecting preliminary data. In this study 30 out of 150 respondents were used for the purpose of pilot study. Ethical Consideration Ethics refers to the appropriateness of researcher behavior in relation to the right of subject of work which is affected by research. Wells (1994) defines â€Å"ethics in terms of a code of behavior appropriate to academics and the code of conduct of research â€Å". In this research by following rules of ethics, all details of participants were remained confidential and they were completely informed related to the nature of the study, they were given fair consideration and personal biasness didnt hamper the way of research, and the results were accurately represented as they were told and observed. Data Analysis

The Character of Mr Collins in Pride and Prejudice

Mr Collins is introduced to us for the first time in Chapter 13, possibly one of the most famous chapters of the novel. This is the chapter in which Mr. Bennet reads â€Å"the letter† out loud to his family. This letter gives us the most fundamental impression on Mr Collins’ character. The contents of this letter makes us judge him straight away and this judgement marks the image we have of this clergyman for the whole story. As soon as his name is mentioned by Mr Bennet at the start of Chapter 13, Mrs. Bennet’s reaction is: â€Å"Oh! My dear (†¦ ) pray do not talk of that odious man! †. This shows how Mr Collins is not particularly liked in the society and the word odious is particularly well-suited to the man as we understand further on. This is because he ways of gaining trust and building relationships with other people is not very agreeable as he does this through endless flat compliments which, as Mr Bennet later points out are often: â€Å"are the result of previous study â€Å". Most of the impressions we get of Mr Collins are heavily subject, as I said before, to the words of the other characters. This is further emphasized as the characters that immediately criticize William have good credibility in this. Mrs Bennet is always the first to shine a good light on possible rich suitors for her daughter so if she decides to criticize a man that fits this description than it means that he is really disagreeable. Also Elizabeth comments his behaviour as being† an oddity† and as having â€Å"something very pompous in his style†. This is yet again a very good description of him from a very credible character. This is because Elizabeth is throughout the whole novel depicted as being the most intelligent and clever of the Bennet sisters and is therefore a reliable testimony. The first impressions we get which are an actual description by Jane Austen seemingly follow the assumptions we get about him: he is â€Å"heavy looking† and â€Å"very formal†. Both these traits are in great concordance with the Pre-analysis we have already made. These adjectives fit perfectly because even though the adjective heavy is not usually associated with looks in this case it makes us imagine Mr Collins as a character full of responsibilities he does not actually have and this â€Å"heavy look† shows how he heavy in his way of behaving therefore quite boring and staying with him is a toil rather than a pleasure. We have two more occasions when Mr Collins first impressions are finally concluded and he has no chance of redemption. Firstly in chapter 14 Mr Bennet, after dinner and after having had the conversation with Mr Collins at the table, thinks back to his conversation. Austen describes his thought as reflecting how ridiculous his cousin was and at how this satisfies all his expectations: â€Å"His cousin was as absurd as he had hoped. â€Å". This is yet again a comment made by one of the most reflective characters of the novel and therefore we are more prone to believe, this is even stronger as he is thinking so he is much less likely to be lying. Lastly and most dramatically chapter 15 starts with the words: â€Å"Mr Collins was not a sensible man,†. This is very powerful as the first thing we read of this chapter is the apex of disdain for Mr Collins. Overall the impressions we get of Mr Collins are negative and he represents an uninteresting almost pathetic character. His lack of depth and of honest pan out to being fundamental in our analysis of him and he is immediately labelled as a negative character

Rise and Fall of the Romanov Dynasty - 2238 Words

The Romanov Dynasty held the Russian Empire as one of the most powerful European states for over three centuries. In 1917, during Nicholas II’s contradictory reign, a revolution began that transformed the empire into the first ever communist nation, replacing the infamous autocratic rule and introducing the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. The Russian people were ruled by an autocratic government since 1613 when the Romanov Dynasty began. The government was run by the Tsar who had unlimited power over the rest of Russia. The Tsar set up a system of government involving an imperial council, a small cabinet of ministers and a senate; all of which were implemented as personal advisers and delegates. The Tsar had control over who was†¦show more content†¦By 1916, dissatisfaction within Russian monarch had reached boiling point. Rasputin was murdered by the Tsar’s own cousins and the majority of the parliament and upper classes ‘were no longer willing to meet expectations of loyalty, respect and patriotism. Even though the Russian Revolution transpired quite suddenly, the foundations of it may have started centuries earlier. Since the 1700s, the ideas of European regime had begun to influence the minds of Russian citizens. Lower classes began to believe in democratic rights and equality, newspapers and books spread concepts about universal rights and many believed in a future with a just ruler and a more cultured society. From the 1800s, the Russian monarchy gradually became weaker and increasingly fragile. After the death of Alexander I in 1825, a group of Decembrists made up of thousands of soldiers seized advantage of a succession issue and demanded reforms plus a written constitution. This displayed a hint of light and prompted many to rethink the government system and their place within the hierarchy. Then after the death of Nicholas I in 1855, Alexander II rose to power and was referred to as the ‘great liberator’ after emancipating the Russian serfs in 1861. While the act earned Alexander public affection and respect, it angered landowners, created an economic crisis and alsoShow MoreRelatedThe Role of the Bolsheviks for the Decline and Fall of the Romanov Dynasty.2091 Words   |  9 PagesResearch Essay: The Russian Revolution (Task 1) Assess the role of the Bolsheviks for the decline and fall of the Romanov dynasty. The beginning of the 20th century brought radical changes to the social and political structure of autocratic Russia. It was a period of regression, reform, revolution and eradication. Eradication of a blood line that had remained in rule for over 300 years; the Romanov Dynasty. 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They have a sensitive views on each other and are rivals in many ways because of their past together. The Russians have often felt superior to the Chinese which dates back to tsarist Russia and the Qing Dynasty. During China’s â€Å"CenturyRead MoreLeon Trotsky1373 Words   |  6 PagesThe rise of Trotsky’s political power starts during his first jail sentencing in 1898 w here he had joined the ‘Russian Social Democratic Labour Party’ (RSDLP). This was the initial development of Leon Trotsky and his road to important political positions. It was these significant political roles that strongly impacted the, not only Russian, but International history as we know it today. Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov (Lenin) was the current leader after the fall and collapse of the Romanov Dynasty, andRead MoreThe Communist Manifesto Karl Marx2006 Words   |  9 Pagesof class struggles†¦ the proletarians have nothing to lose but their chains. They have a world to win.† In Russia, the proletariat class did in fact win; the year 1917 marked the beginning of a new era that for centuries has been ruled by the Romanov dynasty, a period during which the country produced some of the greatest poets, writers, painters and philosophers of all times. This great empire was radically transformed from tsarist autocracy to communism in the span of only a couple of months. TheRead MoreFebruary Revolution: Causes1326 Words   |  6 PagesRevolution of 1917 was first of the two revolutions in Russia in 1917, the revolution which began the transformation of the country. As an immediate result of this revolution, Tsar Nicholas II decided to abdicate, which lead to the end of t he Romanov dynasty. The Tsar was immediately replaced by the provisional government and at the same time the Petrograd Soviet, which ruled alongside the Provisional Government.The revolution broke out very swiftly, but it did change Russia from its autocratic regimeRead MoreEssay about The Glorious Revolutions1977 Words   |  8 Pagescontrast the nature of two Russian Revolutions in 1917. The first Russian Revolution to be investigated will be the February Revolution wherein the poor living conditions and the dissent among the people of Russia led to the collapse of the Romanov dynasty and the rise of the Provisional Government. The second Russian Revolution to be investigated will be the Bolshevik Revolution which occurred after the failure of the provisional government to improve the living conditions in Russia and led to the Bolsheviks

Introduction. Unions Have Played A Big Role In Protecting

Introduction Unions have played a big role in protecting employees, but we have come a long way from the lessons we have learned of the past situations. In the 19th century the US became a new world for immigrants to produce a new life, working conditions required hard work, fighting, long hours for little pay, but most importantly, the unsafe conditions and manual labor that was bestowed upon these workers. This created labors to start a union, but there have been some major issues that ended badly such as the Haymarket riot, the homestead strike, and the Pullman strike, but it took these problems to form a better working conditions for the labor’s. We have learned from the past that employers try to get away with such acts, that laws†¦show more content†¦This riot was planned to be a peaceful riot for a strike on an 8-hour day, ended up turning into a battle between protesters and the police. Before the Haymarket Riot, there were unions formed such as the Knights of Labor and ot her unions, which this riot ended up hurting them after. When these unions formed, they were relatively radical since they included women, blacks, immigrants and unskilled workers and for that they wanted workers to have more control over the factories where they worked. Employers did not like this and did not want the employees to have any control over the factories so this caused factories to close and people lost their jobs. But when the strike began it was to be a peaceful strike that ended up a battle between the police and strikers and loss of life. Homestead Strike The Homestead strike was considered among one of the most violent labor disputes in history as the union wanted contracts and Management locked out workers from their jobs, which owners wanted to open up jobs to non-union workers. The Homestead Strike, however, was organized and purposeful, a harbinger of the type of strike that would mark the modern age of labor relations in the United States (Boundless, 2017). Owners were out to make profit so they ended up closing factories and hired workers that were nonunion. You still see this today or if unions strike, the company will bring in non-union members to work, until a deal is made, but what we learned in the past is hopefullyShow MoreRelatedEssay about Interpol1457 Words   |  6 Pagescountries, exchange information which is relevant and valuable and providing both regional focus and global perspective. Simultaneously remembering respect for human rights and such issues. Under such a broad perspective problems must have turned up. Some of the main and most important issues and problems will be analysed throughout. 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The author admits that his work is highly interdisciplinaryRead MoreEssay on Conservative Legislation and Trade Union Power2505 Words   |  11 PagesConservative Legislation (during the 1980s and early 1990’s) and Trade Union Power Trade Unions can be defined as: ‘ Organisations of workers set up to improve the status, pay and conditions of employment of its members’. Salaman, ‘Industrial Relations’, P77 From the end of the second world war, and up until the 1970’s trade unionism was continually growing. By 1979, 57.3% of all people employed were members of trade unions. Annual abstract Statistics, 1990, ‘Industrial relations’, M.P. JacksonRead MoreCanada, A Rising Middle Power1636 Words   |  7 Pagesthis means is that a middle power takes part in international politics (and in doing so, has an influential role) through international organizations and also through multilateral discussions – often during crises. 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During the time of the fall of the Soviet Union much of our technology advancements launched for a new global network. This paper will examine how the Cold war impacted globalization, human rights and independence movements. The Cold War was the beginning of a new type of war fighting that createdRead MoreUnions Labor Unions And The Future Of The Union5772 Words   |  24 PagesTitle: Unions have played a significant role in workforce history, have they outlived their purpose. Abstract: Labor unions are lawfully recognized as envoys of employees in many companies in the United States. Activities of labor unions are centered on collective bargaining over workers’ benefits, working conditions, and salaries. They also stand in for their members in disagreements with management over the contract provisions violation. 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The chief area of concern is regarding the faceoff between developed nations, such as the United States and the European Union, and underdeveloped or growing nations, such as Braz il and African nations. What essentially is occurring is that a developed nation