Munchausen Syndrome Essay Example

Munchausen Syndrome Essay Example Munchausen Syndrome Essay Munchausen Syndrome Essay Munchausen Syndrome 1 Running head: Munchausen Syndrome Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy 5 References Author: Ibrahim Abdulhamid, MD, Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, Wayne State University; Director of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Clinical Director of Pediatric Sleep Laboratory, Childrens Hospital of Michigan Coauthor(s): Patricia T Siegel, PhD, Assistant Professor, Departments of Pediatrics, Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine Contributor Information and Disclosures Updated: Mar 26, 2008 Mary E. Muscari, PhD, CPNP, APRN-BC Experts And Viewpoint, Medscape Nurses, April 2008 Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy 2 Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy I decided to compose my paper on Munchausen Syndrome as a substitute since I think that its interesting and upsetting that individuals could really hurt their kids or themselves for consideration. Munchausen disorder is a condition where an individual deliberately fakes, mimics, compounds, or self-instigates a physical issue or ailment for the fundamental reason ofâ being rewarded like a clinical patient. The term Munchausen condition is regularly utilized conversely with factitious turmoil. Factitious confusion alludes to any sickness that is purposefully created for the fundamental motivation behind accepting the wiped out role,â although that reason for existing is unknownâ to the wiped out individual. Munchausen condition most suitably portrays people who have a ceaseless variation of a factitious issue with for the most part physical signs and indications, despite the fact that there are reports in regards to mental Munchausen disorder, implying that the reproduced side effects are mental. People with Munchausen disorder deliberately cause signs and side effects of a disease or injury by perpetrating clinical damage to their body, regularly to the point of being hospitalized. They may lie about or counterfeit manifestations. They are some of the time anxious to experience intrusive clinical mediations. They are likewise known to move from specialist to specialist, emergency clinic to clinic, or town to town to locate another crowd once they have depleted the workup and treatment choices accessible in a given clinical setting. People with Munchausen syndromeâ may additionally make bogus cases about their achievements, certifications. A related condition, called Munchausen as a substitute disorder, alludes to a parental figure who fakes manifestations by making injury another person, frequently a kid, and afterward needs to be with that individual in an emergency clinic or comparable clinical setting. Casualties are similarly partitioned among male and female, and kids most in danger are those matured 15 months to 72 months. More established youngsters exposed to Munchausen condition as a substitute frequently connive with their moms by affirming even the most improbable anecdotes about their clinical narratives, at times out of dread of repudiating their moms and different occasions due to their moms influence after some time. A portion of these youngsters accept that they are sick with a baffling issue that the doctors Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy 3 can't make sense of. In different cases, the kid knows that the moms clarification is implausible yet neglects to talk, dreading the moms retribution or that nobody will trust the person in question. In mellow Munchausen as a substitute, influenced people create clinical chronicles for their kids and lie about their youngsters being debilitated as opposed to effectively causing disorder. Their inspiration is the enthusiastic delight they get from clinical consideration. In exceptional Munchausen condition as a substitute, the individual retreats to measures, for example, prompting heaving, harming, expelling blood from the kid, and suffocation. The individual can prompt serious sickness in their own kid, yet stay agreeable, concerned, and merciful within the sight of medicinal services suppliers. Culprits of MSBP might be help-searchers who look for clinical consideration for their youngsters to impart their own fatigue, tension, or wretchedness. Others might be dynamic inducers who make their childs sicknesses through sensational measures. These guardians are ordinarily restless, discouraged, or distrustful. At long last, some might be specialist addicts who are fixated on getting treatment for their childrens nonexistent sicknesses. Culprits are as often as possible depicted as mindful, mindful, and gave people. Some can be unfriendly, sincerely labile, and clearly exploitative. In spite of the fact that they have no conspicuous psychopathology, culprits can be misdirecting and manipulative. Their capacity to persuade others ought not be thought little of. Their maltreatment is planned, determined, and unjustifiable and they are regularly intrigued with the clinical field. Signs and side effects that MSBP could be available incorporates example of sickness and repetitive contaminations without physiologic clarifications, seeping from anticoagulants and toxic substances: utilization of the caretaker’s own blood, heaving encouraged by ipecac organization, giving them intestinal medicines to incite the runs or salt organization, applying scathing substances to cause rashes on the their skin, Hematuria or rectal seeping from injury, CNS sadness brought about by tranquilize organization. Their disease is multisystemic, delayed, unordinary, or uncommon; they are likewise wrong or incongruent, the side effects appear to vanish when the guardian is missing, one parent is typically missing during the child’s Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy 4 hospitalization, parent is excessively joined to the youngster, they appear to have clinical information/foundation, the kid has a poor resilience of the treatment, parent urge specialists to play out various test. The reasons for Munchausen disorder are obscure. A few specialists recommend that it is a guard system against sexual and forceful motivations. Others trust it might be a type of self-discipline. Deciding a careful reason is troublesome on the grounds that people with Munchausen disorder are not transparent about their condition, making research on them almost unimaginable. With MSBP a determination can't be made rapidly, this disorder is hard to recognize and affirm. Sometimes video reconnaissance in the emergency clinic room has been prescribed to catch a guardians misconduct when physical maltreatment of the kid is suspected. In situations where indications have been overstated, concealed cameras may affirm that these manifestations don't exist. On the other hand, video observation can likewise excuse a presumed guardian when the malady does, truth be told, exist. Cameras might be utilized in exceptionally dubious conditions, however should just be utilized related to deliberately created conventions that portray the jobs of youngster defensive organizations, police, and emergency clinic security in planning the utilization of secret observation frameworks As a medicinal services orker I will be increasingly ready to recognize the signs and symptoms,â determine the need and advantages of the clinical consideration. During the appraisal I will be capable inquire as to whether the child’s ailment is steady with the mother’s depiction. Does the target symptomatic proof help the child’s revealed ailment? Has anybody seen the side effects? Do the negative discoveries console the mother? I s the treatment being given to the youngster principally as a result of the mother’s diligent requests? With this information I will ideally have the option to perceive this disorder and be a superior medical caretaker.

1990 Turing Award Essays - Multics, Compatible Time-Sharing System

1990 Turing Award Essays - Multics, Compatible Time-Sharing System 1990 Turing Award As per the Association for Computing Machinery, (ACM) the A.M. Turing Award is the most esteemed specialized honor with a prize of $250,000. The Turing Award is given to a part or individuals from the registering network that has contributed a significant specialized significance to the PC field. (ACM's Turing Award.) The Turing Award has been named the ?most elevated qualification in Computer science? furthermore, the ?Nobel Prize of figuring?. This honor adds to the ACM?s crucial ?advance registering as a science and a calling?. (Geringer) The Turing Award is named after Alan Mathison Turing, a British mathematician, who is ?credited for being the Father of hypothetical software engineering and computerized reasoning?. (Homer) The main honor was given out in 1966 and the Association for Computing Machinery has been giving them out each year since. In 1990, Fernando Jos? Corby Corbat? gotten the Turing Award for his work in ?sorting out the ideas and driving the advancement of the broadly useful, huge scope, time-sharing and asset sharing PC frameworks?. Corbat? was conceived on July 1, 1926 in Oakland, California. He got his bachelor?s certificate from the California Institute of Technology in 1950, and afterward proceeded to get his Ph.D. in material science from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1956. In the wake of getting his Ph.D., he joined MIT?s Computation Center and before long was delegated Associate Professor in 1962. In 1965, he got elevated to a Professor and afterward during 1974 to 1993 he was Associate Department Head for Computer Science and Engineering. (Conte) Corbats work with time-sharing PC frameworks began in November 1961, at the MIT Computation Center, when ?an early form of the Compatible Time-Sharing System (CTSS) was first illustrated?. (Csail) Timesharing, driven by the need to expand intuitiveness among client and PC and convenience of the PC, permits an enormous number of clients to associate with the PC at the same time. It includes associating different quantities of consoles to a solitary, focal PC. Each reassure is dispensed a period cut of the focal computer?s time, as the focal PC appoints its time by exchanging between the user?s applications and issues and ?it appears to the client that s/he has total access to the focal PC.? (1963 Timesharing: A Solution to Computer Bottlenecks)The Compatible Time-Sharing System in the IBM 7094 computerized PC timesharing working framework was utilized as the programming and investigating device. (Vleck) In 1964, Corbats new information on numerous entrance frameworks bloomed into the formation of another framework called Multics (Multiplexed Information and Computing Service). This new framework additionally upheld an online reconfiguration, which permitted focal preparing units, memory banks, and circle drives can be included or evacuated while the framework was all the while working. Multics was one of the soonest multiprocessor frameworks since it upheld numerous CPUs. Moreover, it was the primary major working framework to have a safe framework from the beginning, which lead to progressively make sure about frameworks and prefigured present day security designing strategies. Multics was the primary working framework to give a various leveled record framework, which implies that documents could have different names and connections between registries were bolstered. In 1973, Multics turned into the ?premise of a business framework? that Honeywell Information Systems, Incorporated advertised. (Conte) The PC progresses that Corbat? has added to the world have been extremely significant. CTSS was exceptionally compelling in light of the fact that it demonstrated that time-sharing was suitable on the grounds that it gave methods for performing multiple tasks and multiprogramming, which is as yet huge and essential for today?s PCs. This gave new applications and projects to be made and utilized on the grounds that PCs were not, at this point single-use machines. A semi-ongoing creation that has brought back the idea of time-sharing is, where corporate server homesteads can have a huge number of clients that all offer normal assets. (Csail) CTSS likewise had one of the first between client message usage. This pre-matured electronic mail and email is one of the most widely recognized methods of correspondence in these current occasions. (Homer) also, Multics was the principal amazing multi-processor registering machine, which set the foundation for the entirety of the multi-preparing m achines that are so mainstream today. Multics straightforwardly roused AT&T to create Unix, another performing various tasks and multi-client PC working framework. Unix?s direct relatives are as yet utilized today in working frameworks like Linux and these relatives were

Different Scenery, Same Speed COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Different Scenery, Same Speed COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog I was asked today by a colleague if things were slowing down in the office.   I took a pause and thought about it, and responded by saying, Its still busy, just a different kind of busy.   For me the entire year feels as if I am in a car traveling at the same speed, or in may case I really should say on a bike traveling at the same speed,   it is just that the scenery is constantly changing. We definitely have seasons in the admissions office and although I am not spending hour after hour reading and deliberating on files, I am working on finalizing the fall class, preparing summer communications, ushering out our graduates, setting up summer and fall travel, and preparing to update our admission application for next year.   On top of that is the normal slew of end of year reports and wrapping up the fiscal year as well.   Anyway . . . I just wanted to provide a quick update since the deposit deadline passed on May 3 and the proverbial dust is beginning to settle.   Our enrollment deposits are where I had hoped they would be and the Committee will not be making any more offers at the present time.   Each summer we do experience what is commonly called melt by admission directors.   This means applicants that have paid a deposit inform us that for some reason they will have to relinquish their seat in the fall class.   This may open up seats and I did recently send an email to those on the waitlist asking if they wished to continue to remain on the waitlist.   I will continue to send out updates to those on the waitlist as more information becomes available. One topic that has been flooding our mailbox concerns the receipt of official transcripts and test scores.   We do not really start checking fastidiously for these documents until after the deposit deadline the theory being that we do not need to be checking for documents for applicants that will not be enrolling.   Now that the deposit deadline has passed we are putting more effort into this process, however the staff member that directs this process is on leave and we are trying to organize ourselves to attack this process. If you indicated our code when taking the GRE, GMAT, or TOEFL you should not worry.   We receive these records electronically but we have yet to import the majority of them into our system.   We   are working on this process now and it is going to take us a bit of time to track the scores as official. As far as transcripts, we will be going through each individual file to double check, but if you did not send your original transcripts and have not ordered them yet, you should.   We do understand that some applicants will not have access to official transcripts until after the June 15 date we have specified for receipt in our office.   This is obviously understandable.   If you are in this situation, see to it that they are mailed as soon as possible after you complete your program. Regarding both the transcripts and test scores, to be honest, there is no magic associated with the June 15 date.   The reality is that we need to set a date and that is the date we chose to ensure that we have the maximum amount of time to match the documents to the file to ensure that information was accurately reported when the application was submitted.   If documents are slightly late it is not a problem because we will still have time to finalize everything before classes start.   We appreciate your efforts to get things in by the June 15 deadline, but at the same time we are willing to work with those that face exceptional circumstances. I thank you in advance for your patience and please do not panic or worry.   We will do our best to work as quickly as possible and we will also be forgiving if documents come to us late or are loaded in the system late.   The important thing is that you file is in order when classes start and we have a bit of time after June 15 to make sure everything is official and approved.   If you do need to send transcripts, here is the address to use: Columbia University SIPA Office of Admissions 420 West 118th Street, Room 408 New York, NY   10027

Marketing Plan for an Airline - 1254 Words

Marketing Plan for Breeze Airlines 24 April 2010 Marketing Plan for Breeze Airlines Air has become the most preferred method of transportation for many people around the world and more travelers are looking for affordable ways to travel between destinations. Consequently, the increase in customer’s demand for cheaper fares has created an excellent business opportunity for low cost airlines to emerge. Low cost carriers have been successful satisfying customer’s demand for cheaper fares and reducing labor cost. â€Å"A high quality low-price entry strategy may seem very attractive at first glance. Obviously, an airline, or any startup firm for that matter, is likely to win a market if it can indeed provide a better product for a†¦show more content†¦Young college educated professionals and college or graduate students between 21 and 45 years old represent the perfect target market for the low cost fare airline because both groups share similar psychological and behavioral traits. They are meticulous with thei r money to the extent that price is important when they are purchasing an item or paying for a service because most of them are recent college graduates entering the workforce and others are still pursuing an education with a limited income. Even if they have limited income, they still want to satisfy their lifestyle preferences. They want to obtain maximum value for their money without sacrificing personal comfort. These groups will be targeted because they are open to new experiences and they are price sensitive. Low cost Breeze Airlines SWOT Analysis will provide direction to its marketing strategy. Strengths: Breeze Airline is a promising young airline offering ticket fares at discount price to popular college destinations. It has a team of young customer service that can relate to targeted customers. Weaknesses: Their customer service might not have enough experience in the airline business so the operation might suffer internally for lack of knowledge. Opportunities: The intro duction of digital technology on their flights and the use of internet to disseminate their service and reduce cost. â€Å"Airlines areShow MoreRelatedMarketing Plan Of An Airline788 Words   |  4 Pagesopportunities and deciding how I wanted my airline to operate, I had the idea to make my airline a Low-Cost Carrier. Thus, I would operate my airline to offer the minimum with the price of the ticket without sacrificing safety. Everything additional that you want, comes at an additional cost. This is a way for me to lower my operational costs, therefore, being able to offer lower fare prices to my customers. As a student, I know how difficult it can be trying to find airline tickets that I can afford. 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The Competitors†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2.3.1. Air Arabia†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2.3.2. Etihad Airways†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 2.3.3. RAK Airways†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2.3.4. Competitive advantage of Emirates Airlines†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦... 3. Strategic Marketing Focus†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦... 3.1. Mission†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreAirline Company Marketing Plan5416 Words   |  22 Pagestime and experience necessary to effectively plan a pleasure trip on their own. âž ¢ According to Tourism Malaysia the booking of honeymoon cottages by Bangladeshi people have increased by 45% in last two years. âž ¢ Many Bangladeshi students and workers live in Malaysia. Their relatives and friends tend to visit them especially during the time period of December- January. All these mentioned situations are indicating to a very bright prospect of airline packages in Bangladesh. Considering the economicRead MoreMarketing Plan For Airline Industry2400 Words   |  10 PagesMarketing plan Industry Profile Airline industry is one of the major transportation systems in Canada because of the total area of the country. Most of the people in Canada prefer to take flights when visiting other provinces because of the distance involved to make the trip and the weather plays an important part of the decision as well. Despite the necessity for air travel, the fares of the airlines are very expensive in Canada and because of these people are opting out. One of the main factorsRead MoreMarketing Plan For American Airlines864 Words   |  4 Pages In 2015, American Airlines (AA) posted a record profit of $7.6 billion, which also included special items. A large portion of this gain came from the forth Quarter, which netted a $3.3 billion profit. AA credits a large portion of their success in 2015 to the plummeting oil prices, which was warmly welcomed across the airline industry. Fuel, which is a third of AA’s operating cost, declined 40.8% in consolidated cost. In 2014 AA reported $597 million in the 4th quarter. The full year nettedRead MoreEssay on Marketing Plan for United Airlines2767 Words   |  12 PagesMarketing Plan for United Airlines Jayne Diaz BUS 620: Managerial Marketing Professor David Kalicharan February 20, 2012 Marketing Plan for United Airlines Airline companies are becoming more and more competitive as the low budget discount airlines are becoming popular. It is key for airlines to differentiate themselves among the various airlines to choose from, and United Airlines wanted to ensure that it offered products and services for all marketing segments. â€Å"United realized

A Fools Manual to Best Writing Online Explained

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The movie Josie and the Pussycats Free Essays

Attention Getter: Has anyone here seen the movie Josie and the Pussycats from 2001? It’s okay if you haven’t, I don’t blame you. Relate to Audience: Behind all the superb acting and catchy music, however, lies a highly controversial and interesting topic. That would be subliminal messaging, and that’s what I’ll be talking to you about today. We will write a custom essay sample on The movie Josie and the Pussycats or any similar topic only for you Order Now Thesis: Subliminal messaging has been a controversial method of manipulation for years. Preview: I will talk about the different forms of subliminal messages, I’ll tell you about how influential they can be, and I will describe some of the most controversial examples throughout history. Transition: So let’s start by exploring the types of subliminal messages. Body I. MP1: Subliminal messages can be either audio or visual. According to Webster’s dictionary, the word â€Å"subliminal† is defined as â€Å"existing or functioning below the threshold of consciousness†. Basically, this means that your body can sense a subliminal message but it won’t be transferred into consciousness; it’s sensation without perception. Audio subliminal messages can be achieved by hiding the message at a volume too low to pick up. Other sounds are played above these messages to mask their identity. Another more famous form of audio subliminal messaging is known as â€Å"backmasking†. It often involves music that, when played backward, sends a different message than when played forward. This form of subliminal message was responsible for a wave of hysteria beginning in the 1970s as the media claimed that numerous songs hid satanic messages behind their lyrics. On the other hand, there are visual subliminal messages. These can take a couple different forms as well. An image (generally a word) can be quickly flashed and taken away before the subject can consciously perceive what it says. The image is often flashed repeatedly at this rapid pace through something like a commercial. Subliminal images can also be present as a part of other images. An example of this would be a word clearly spelled out in the clouds on an advertisement or details of a picture that suggest something else. Transition: Now that you know the basics of subliminal messaging, let’s explore how they’re used. II. MP2: MISSING An April 2010 New York Times article provides an interesting example. â€Å"New York State’s health commissioner†¦ Dr. Richard F. Daines, was recently driving down Interstate 15 in Utah, his home state, when he came across four billboards in a row that beamed a subliminal message at him, and not the one the advertisers intended. † The repetitive billboards contained phrases that subliminally suggested a healthier lifestyle rather than the consumption of the soda it advertised. As with any subliminal message, there is no telling how it will aff ect the subject. In the Handbook of Consumer Psychology from 2009, Haugtvedt et. al state, â€Å"Subliminal advertising is, at best, a very weak force. However, there is evidence that subliminally presented stimuli can influence behavior and cognition. † It just may not be the intended behavior. Transition: Now that we have seen how subliminal messages can be used, let’s examine a few famous cases. III. MP3: The most controversial cases of subliminal messaging surround the fields of politics and music. George Bush’s 2000 political campaign was under scrutiny for displaying the word â€Å"RATS† while talking about one of Al Gore’s plans. The ad said â€Å"bureaucrats†, but these four letters flashed on the screen independently, creating an uproar. It was written off as a mere coincidence by the creator of the ad, but was taken off of television nonetheless. Heavy metal music is often scrutinized as a source of violence in adolescents, but the 1990 case of young James Vance and Raymond Belknap suggested it influenced suicide as well. According to Philips and Cogan of the 2009 Encyclopedia of Heavy Metal Music, â€Å"subliminal messages in the song â€Å"Better by You, Better Than Me† [by Judas Priest] †¦ allegedly had influenced the victims’ actions† to commit suicide. The case was eventually dropped, but its impact was great. Signal Conclusion: As you have seen, subliminal messaging has been a controversial method of manipulation for years. Summary: I talked about the different forms of subliminal messaging. I also discussed how influential they can be. I followed up with some examples that have created controversy in recent years. Lasting thought: I hope you’ve enjoyed getting to know a little bit more about a topic that really interests me. You’re now free to go play all your music backwards and see what really happens†¦ Questions (15 POINTS) Does the preview adequately map out the main points covered in the speech and is it in the right format? 2 points) I think it does a decent job at mapping out the main points. The second point could use some work, she says it’s about how influential subliminal messages are, then in the paragraph quotes a psychology book that says they are â€Å"†¦ at best, a very weak force†¦ †, and in the transition she says it’s a bout how they are used. A little confusing. Also, for your class, it’s missing signposts. Does the summary adequately review the main points covered in the speech and is it in the right format? (2 points) Same as in the preview, not sure about point two. Other than that it looks good. Also, signposts again. Does the speaker include smooth transitions between all of the MPs? (2 points) Yes. Except point the transition into MP2, to me the paragraph is really about when subliminal messages gone wrong; to make that clear she could say, â€Å"Now that you know the basics of subliminal messaging, let’s explore how not to use them. † At least one MP is missing a clear MP sentence. Write a MP sentence for that section. (4 points) MP2: In advertising, subliminal messages are often a disaster. Overall, what is your assessment of the organization of this speech (be concrete in your answer). (5 points) Overall, the speech is well organized. Main point two is the only area of the speech that really needs work. Though the information in the paragraph is interesting, her point is unclear. I would switch sub-point one and two. Also, take out the second quote, as it can be easily paraphrased, and add in details of what the billboards actually say, that way it makes sense to the listener. Possibly something like this: II. MP2: In advertising, subliminal messages are often a disaster. In the Handbook of Consumer Psychology from 2009, Haugtvedt et. al stated, â€Å"Subliminal advertising is, at best, a very weak force. However, there is evidence that subliminally presented stimuli can influence behavior and cognition. † The problem with these messages is that it is difficult to tell how it will affect the subject. Sometimes subliminal messages effect the viewer in the opposite way that the advertiser intended it to. An April 2010 New York Times article describes an instance where several billboards for a soda company suggested that viewers should choose a healthier lifestyle, rather than consuming their soda. (fill in with actual content of the ad) (The advertiser intended the message to be†¦ however to some it was perceived as†¦ As shown in this example, subliminal messages are not the best choice when promoting a product. Transition: Now that we have seen how subliminal messages can be misused, let’s examine how they can be successfully used (at least to stir up controversy. ) III. MP3: The most famous cases of subliminal messaging surround the fields of politics and music. Extra Credit (3 POINTS) Explain the difference between a prelim outline, a full sentence outline, and a keyword outline. A prelim outline is the base of a full sentence outline, it has a thesis, transitions, main points, a few sub-points and a conclusion. Add more detail, more sub-points, an attention getter and a lasting thought and you have your full sentence outline. The full sentence outline should be written in complete sentences and include everything you plan to discuss in the speech. The keyword outline is what you take up with you when you give the speech. I should contain no full sentences, besides the thesis and quotes and statistics that need to be worded in a specific way. It should only include a few words per line that can help you stay on track if you get lost during your speech. How to cite The movie Josie and the Pussycats, Papers

The Importance of the Ghost in Hamlet Hamlet Essay Example For Students

The Importance of the Ghost in Hamlet Hamlet Essay sThe Importance of the Ghost in Hamlet Words are like leaves; and where they most abound, Much fruit of Sense beneath is rarely found. (Essay on Criticism, ll.309-310) Any investigation of Shakespeares Hamlet that wishes to harvest fruit of sense must begin with the ghost. Dover Wilson is right in terming Hamlets visitor the linchpin, but the history of critical opinion regarding its origin has been diverse and conflicting. Generally, critics have opted for a Purgatorial ghost: Bradley speaks of a soul come from Purgatory, (1) Lily Campbell believes Shakespeare has pictured a ghost from Purgatory according to all the tests possible, but adds, Shakespeare chose rather to throw out suggestions which might satisfy those members of his audience who followed any one of the three schools of thought on the subject. (2). G. Wilson Knight fuses Purgatorial origin with ambiguity: With exquisite aptness the poet has placed him, not in heaven or hell, but purgatory, adding It is neither good nor bad, True its effects are mostly evil. We will write a custom essay on The Importance of the Ghost in Hamlet Hamlet specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now (3) In another work he notes, The ghost may or may not have,., been a goblin damned: it certainly was no spirit of health, (4) Wilson terms his linchpin as Catholic: the Ghost is Catholic: he comes from Purgatory.(5) A flurry of critical opinion began, however, in 1951 when Roy Battenhouse argued, The ghost, then, does not come from a Catholic Purgatory, but from an afterward exactly suited to fascinate the imagination and understanding of the humanist intellectual of the Renaissance. By that he meant, .. .the purgatory of the Ancients, or their hell since all are Hell from a Christian point of view: an inhabitant of any one of them is a damned spirit(6) The battle was joined. I. J. Sempers rebuttal warned that the tradition of critical commentary supported a Purgatorial spirit as best articulated by Wilsons beliefs.(7) Robert West argued in King Hamlets Ambiguous Ghost, published four years later, that the ghost . ..leaves us where all living men must stand in relation to that country: weighted with its awe and terror and its uncertainties buffeted by conflicting theories.. .(8) Harry Levine likewise endorsed the play as written in a grammar of doubt. (9) Sister Mariam Josephs article confirmed a Purgatorial ghost: the abode of the ghost and his character fit descriptions of a purgatorial ghost in both doctrine and popular legend. (10) More recent scholarship of course has not been silent. Eleanor Prossers Hamlet and Revenge (1971) articulates a view of the ghost very much consistent with my own, noting .. .the command of the ghost to murder is as malign as we sense it to be, and Hamlet is responsible for his descent into savagery. (11). She of course argues for a non-purgatorial ghost. In contrast, Stephen Greenblatts Hamlet and Purgatory (2001), citing Medieval and Renaissance texts plus plays that feature ghosts including: A Midsummer Nights Dream, Richard III, and Julius Caesar, concludes the ghost is not from hell. Its injunction to be remembered, for example, is predicated on the growing Protestant assault on Purgatory. (12). Eisslers Discourse on Hamlet and Hamlet asserts the rather paradoxical thesis that the ghost is purgatorial, but . ..neither expresses the slightest sign of pity, love, or affection for his sown nor mentions the sons claim to the throne, but rather imposes on him a demand that is couched exclusively in terms of the fathers own self-interest. (13). Certainly that view implies private revenge, making the ghost non-Purgatorial. Harold Blooms Shakespeare: The Invention of the Human argues that whatever sociologists, theologians, psychologists or psychiatrists mean by personality comes from Shakespeare: to wit he invented the very concept. Bloom sees Hamlets prodigious intellect as transcendent; he is his own ironist, rendering the plays Protestant or Catholic perspective therefore moot. He does stipulate, however, that Shakespeares father died a Catholic, (14) a point made by Greenblatt to sustain his purgatorial thesis. .u8d87253906eadb1a35595b2a9dfc9dec , .u8d87253906eadb1a35595b2a9dfc9dec .postImageUrl , .u8d87253906eadb1a35595b2a9dfc9dec .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8d87253906eadb1a35595b2a9dfc9dec , .u8d87253906eadb1a35595b2a9dfc9dec:hover , .u8d87253906eadb1a35595b2a9dfc9dec:visited , .u8d87253906eadb1a35595b2a9dfc9dec:active { border:0!important; } .u8d87253906eadb1a35595b2a9dfc9dec .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8d87253906eadb1a35595b2a9dfc9dec { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8d87253906eadb1a35595b2a9dfc9dec:active , .u8d87253906eadb1a35595b2a9dfc9dec:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8d87253906eadb1a35595b2a9dfc9dec .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8d87253906eadb1a35595b2a9dfc9dec .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8d87253906eadb1a35595b2a9dfc9dec .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8d87253906eadb1a35595b2a9dfc9dec .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8d87253906eadb1a35595b2a9dfc9dec:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8d87253906eadb1a35595b2a9dfc9dec .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8d87253906eadb1a35595b2a9dfc9dec .u8d87253906eadb1a35595b2a9dfc9dec-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8d87253906eadb1a35595b2a9dfc9dec:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Edmunds Corrugated Parts Essay And so it goes. I agree with Levin that irony pervades the play, but that the grammar of doubt can and must be resolved in favor of a malignant ghost not from a pagan hell, but from the Christian one sent by God to test Hamlets faith and courage by trying to damn his soul. This reading helps to define Hamlets irony by viewing it as an outgrowth and continuation of Medieval moral plays such as Everyman. Further a malevolent spirit explains some of the plays most baffling and enigmatic questions the answers to which refute previously held axioms: affirm several metaphysical primaries without which meaning is impaired. Refuted are the contentions that Hamlet ia a tragedy of excessive reflection as Coleridge thought. Hamlet is certainly one of Shakespeares most dynamic protagonists, and any procrastination may be explained when the ghosts nature is understood. Likewise and as a corollary, Hamlet is not melancholic as seen when his behavior is studied according to Burtons understanding of the humor. Hamlet affirms that Shakespeare well understood the dramatic contexts of Medieval antecedents to Renaissance tragedy, and it does not demean the play to view it as a sophisticated morality play exploring the mystery of a Divine Providence that allows evil to flourish in the macrocosm and microcosm for a greater good. Such an interpretation must be based on a malevolent ghost and the irony involved in its operation in the macrocosm and microcosm. Structurally, Shakespeares familiarity with Renaissance Daemonological traditions and beliefs and cosmological systems permitted him to construct a metaphysical subplot based on an analogy: Claudius: Laertes : : Ghost : Hamlet. Although not a perfect correlation since Claudius has some redeeming qualities, the correspondence is sufficiently valid to warrant the assumption that the former is a microcosmic dramatization of a malignant macrocosm. By validating the presence of a malignant ghost, two important problems are solved: the question of Hamlets madness and his relationship to Ophelia and Gertrude. If Hamlet be mad, the condition is aggravated and perhaps initiated by the ghost as Burtons analysis proves. Further, the madness explains his love hate relationship to Gertrude and Ophelia, The ghost participates by commanding Hamlet to revenge while leaving his mother to heaven because it knows that is the one mission he cannot ignore. The dialectical tension thus created makes madness almost inevitable. To be kept in mind of course is that Hamlet remains art rather than a supernatural tract. Shakespeare was not a theologian Consequently this study initially considers structure and language patterns as they are Shakespeares means of dramatizing malignancy. Extensive citations from primary sources are provided insofar as they are not generally available or have been too infrequently applied to the play, The text used is the Arden Edition, edited by Harold Jerkins, together with the Variorum, edited by Howard Furness. Quotations from other Shakespeare play are taken from: Shakespeare: The Complete Works edited by G.B. Harrison, (New York: Harcourt, Brace, and World, 1952). Citations from Plato are from: Desmond Lees translation of The Republic (New York: Penguin Classics, 1987). Linguistic problems are resolved by the O.E. D., Onions A Shakespeare Glossary, Schmidts Shakespeare Lexicon, and Quotation Dictionary, and Partridges, Shakespeares Bawdy, plus my own interpolations, The conclusions affirmed are my own, and I accept responsibility for any deficiencies discovered by critics more astute and discriminating Works Cited (1) A. C. Bradley. Shakespearean Tragedy. Greenwich, Conn.: Fawcett Publications, n.d. , pp. 146-147. (Bradleys lectures were published in 1904). (2) Lily Campbell. Shakespeares Tragic Heroes, Slaves of Passion. New York: Barnes and Noble, 1952, pp. 126 and 257. Her three thoughts are: the devil, natural explanations, and alterations of the mind. (3) G. Wilson Knight. The Imperial Theme. London: University Paperbacks, 1965. p, 104. (4) G. Wilson Knight. The Wheel of Fire. .u2013407d5d3d4d5b40e8c5f14dbb83fd , .u2013407d5d3d4d5b40e8c5f14dbb83fd .postImageUrl , .u2013407d5d3d4d5b40e8c5f14dbb83fd .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2013407d5d3d4d5b40e8c5f14dbb83fd , .u2013407d5d3d4d5b40e8c5f14dbb83fd:hover , .u2013407d5d3d4d5b40e8c5f14dbb83fd:visited , .u2013407d5d3d4d5b40e8c5f14dbb83fd:active { border:0!important; } .u2013407d5d3d4d5b40e8c5f14dbb83fd .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2013407d5d3d4d5b40e8c5f14dbb83fd { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2013407d5d3d4d5b40e8c5f14dbb83fd:active , .u2013407d5d3d4d5b40e8c5f14dbb83fd:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2013407d5d3d4d5b40e8c5f14dbb83fd .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2013407d5d3d4d5b40e8c5f14dbb83fd .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2013407d5d3d4d5b40e8c5f14dbb83fd .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2013407d5d3d4d5b40e8c5f14dbb83fd .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2013407d5d3d4d5b40e8c5f14dbb83fd:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2013407d5d3d4d5b40e8c5f14dbb83fd .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2013407d5d3d4d5b40e8c5f14dbb83fd .u2013407d5d3d4d5b40e8c5f14dbb83fd-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2013407d5d3d4d5b40e8c5f14dbb83fd:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Treatment of Women in Trifles Essay New York: Meridian Books, 1963, p. 42. (5) J. Dover Wilson. What Happens in Hamlet. Cambridge. University of Cambridge, 1951. p. 70. (6) Roy Battenhouse The Ghost in Hamlet: A Catholic Linchpin? SP 48 (1951), p. 192. (The second quotation appears on page 190. ) (7) I.J. Semper. The Ghost in King Hamlet: Pagan or Christian? The Month. 9 (1953), pp. 233-234. (8) Robert West. King Hamlets Ambiguous Ghost: PMLA. 70 (1955), p. 1116. (9) Harry Levin. The Queftion of Hamlet. New York: Oxford Books, 1970), p. 43. (10) Sister Mariam Joseph. Discerning the Ghost in Hamlet. PMLA 76 (1961), p. 502 (11) Eleanor Prosser. Hamlet and Revenge. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1091, p. 252. (12) Stephen Greenblatt. Hamlet in Purgatory. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2001. (13) K.R. Eissler. Discourse on Hamlet and Hamlet: A Psychoanalytic Inquiry. New York: International Universities, Press, 1971, p. 68. (14) Harold Boom. Shakespeare: The Invention of the Human. New York: Riverhead Books, 1998. Hamlet and Falstaff is treated throughout the book as touchstones for all other characters. Chapter 23 discusses Hamlet specifically.